Which scientist is known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation?

The scientist known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation is Isaac Newton. His work laid the foundation for classical mechanics and has had a significant impact on the field of physics and our understanding of the natural world. Newton formulated three fundamental laws of motion, which describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. Additionally, his law of universal gravitation states that every mass attracts every other mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This principle explained not only the motion of objects on Earth but also the orbits of planets and celestial bodies, solidifying Newton's pivotal role in the advancement of science.

In contrast, while Albert Einstein made groundbreaking contributions to theoretical physics, particularly in the areas of relativity, he did not develop the laws of motion or gravitational theory that are attributed to Newton. Stephen Hawking focused on cosmology and black holes, contributing valuable insights to our understanding of the universe but not to the laws of motion or gravitation as Newton did. Richard Feynman was known for his work in quantum mechanics and particle physics, which is distinct from Newton's classical mechanics. Thus, Isaac Newton is the clear