Which famous author resided in Chawton, Hampshire from 1809 to 1817, where she crafted several novels?

The correct answer is Jane Austen, who lived in Chawton, Hampshire from 1809 to 1817. During this period, she wrote some of her most famous novels, including "Pride and Prejudice," "Sense and Sensibility," and "Emma." Chawton was significant for Austen as it provided her with the peace and inspiration needed to develop her writing. Her home in Chawton has since been preserved as a museum dedicated to her life and works, highlighting her contributions to literature.

The other authors listed, while significant figures in English literature, did not reside in Chawton during the specified time frame. Mary Shelley is known for "Frankenstein" and had her own distinct literary path, primarily connected to London and other locations. Emily and Charlotte Brontë, renowned for their novels such as "Wuthering Heights" and "Jane Eyre," respectively, were also based in different regions, centered mostly around Yorkshire. Their works and life experiences do not overlap with the time and place associated with Jane Austen in Chawton.