Which event marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?

The invention of the steam engine is widely recognized as a significant catalyst that marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. This technological advancement allowed for the efficient conversion of heat into mechanical energy, which revolutionized various industries, including manufacturing and transportation. The steam engine facilitated the operation of machinery in factories, leading to increased production capabilities and the eventual shift from home-based crafts to industrial manufacturing processes.

While the establishment of trade unions, the introduction of the factory system, and the rise of urban centers are all important developments that occurred during the Industrial Revolution, they were largely influenced by the innovations brought about by the steam engine. The factory system emerged as industries adopted steam power, creating a concentrated workforce in urban environments and spurring the need for labor organization. Thus, the steam engine's invention was pivotal in initiating the broader changes that characterized the Industrial Revolution.